OSAGE COUNTY — Alpha-gal Syndrome is a food allergy to meat and other mammal byproducts. It has been reported on all continents except Antarctica, and at least eight tick species are confirmed or potentially associated with the condition. In the United States, it is caused by the bite of the Lone Star tick, although new reports indicate chiggers or mites may also spread it.

Contrary to what one might infer from its name, the Lone Star tick is not limited to Texas. The tick inhabits most of the southeastern and eastern United States, and its territory seems to be spreading as deer carry the tick further north and west. Females are easily identified by the single white dot in the center of their back; however, males often have dots or white streaks on the edge of their bodies and may be difficult to distinguish from male deer ticks.

As it feeds, the Lone Star tick transfers its saliva to its host’s bloodstream. This saliva contains a sugar molecule called galactose-α-1,3-galactose (or alpha-gal, for short). In some people, this triggers a reaction from the body’s immune system, which causes a reaction to meat and other foods derived from mammals, which naturally contain the galactose-α-1,3-galactose molecule.

Although Alpha-gal Syndrome is often referred to as a meat allergy, the ramifications are more widespread than simply avoiding meat. The first case of alpha-gal was discovered during a drug trial for an antibody treatment containing alpha-gal aimed at treating certain types of cancer. Some patients enrolled in the clinical trials developed anaphylaxis or hives after the first dose, which led to further investigation and the eventual identification of Alpha-gal Syndrome.

That means allergic reactions can be caused by medications containing mammalian byproducts or contained in gelatin capsules. Gelatin and collagen are also found in products such as gummy candies or vitamins, marshmallows, frosting, catgut sutures, shampoo, beauty products, some vaccinations, and even tattoo ink. On food and product labels, gelatin is often referred to as hydrolyzed animal protein. However, it may also be called collagen hydrolysate, denatured collagen, or gelatina.

Cross-contamination of foods can occur if chicken, fish, or vegetables are prepared on a grill where mammal meat has also been cooked or if the foods contain dairy or lard. That makes it extremely difficult for those with Alpha-gal Syndrome to eat in non-vegetarian restaurants or at social gatherings.

Symptoms of Alpha-gal Syndrome are as varied as any other allergic reaction, and recognizing the cause is further complicated by the fact that it typically takes three to eight hours after exposure for symptoms to appear. Symptoms can include hives or rash, digestive issues, respiratory problems, a drop in blood pressure, or even anaphylaxis. People who have been diagnosed are often prescribed an epi-pen in case of accidental exposure.

While there is no cure for Alpha-gal Syndrome, the levels of antibodies against alpha-gal can decrease over time, and some people are eventually able to eat meat and other alpha-gal-containing products. Evidence suggests that the greatest likelihood of recovery comes from avoiding meat and other products derived from mammals, and especially from avoiding additional tick bites.

Www.mayoclinic.org states, “Symptoms of Alpha-gal Syndrome may lessen or even disappear over time. This is especially true if you don’t get any more bites from ticks that carry alpha-gal. Some people with this condition can eat mammal food products again after one to two years if they don’t get any more tick bites.”

The easiest way to avoid contracting Alpha-gal Syndrome is also to avoid being bitten. The recommended methods for avoiding exposure are wearing protective clothing, using tick repellents, and frequently checking for ticks after outdoor activities.

The Lone Star tick also spreads other diseases, such as Lyme disease, and experts say people who are diagnosed with it should be extra vigilant for symptoms of Alpha-gal. Anyone who thinks they may be suffering from Alpha-gal Syndrome should speak to their medical professional. Doctors can confirm the diagnosis through testing.

“Symptoms of tick-borne illness can be a bit non-specific, which tends to delay diagnosis,” said Osage County Health Department Administrator Kim Sallin. “I would encourage anyone who has been knowingly bitten by a tick to keep a record of when the bite occurred and log any illness or symptoms that might follow. If you’re seeing your doctor because you’re not feeling well, no matter the symptoms, definitely mention a recent tick bite.”